上海地區(qū)高溫過(guò)程中局地氣候區(qū)尺度城市熱島特征分析

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上海地區(qū)高溫過(guò)程中局地氣候區(qū)尺度城市熱島特征分析
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中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):P463.3
基金項(xiàng)目:自然科學(xué)基金(氣象聯(lián)合基金)資助項(xiàng)目(U2342221)

Analyzing the characteristics of the urban heat island on local climate zone scale during a heat wave event in Shanghai

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本文以超大城市上海為研究對(duì)象,選取2017年7月為夏季代表月,利用自動(dòng)氣象站網(wǎng)觀測(cè)得到的逐小時(shí)氣溫和風(fēng)速數(shù)據(jù),基于局地氣候分區(qū)方法分析了上海市各局地氣候區(qū)(Local Climate Zone,LCZ)在不同天氣條件下的氣溫和城市熱島強(qiáng)度(Urban Heat Island Intensity,UHII)時(shí)空特征及其成因。結(jié)果表明:由于城市幾何形態(tài)、建筑材料、表面不透水面占比以及人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的不同,上海市夏季典型月各LCZ的氣溫和UHII表現(xiàn)出明顯差異,在高溫日,UHII日變化曲線可以分為"W "型、淺" U"型、"V"型、日間型和平穩(wěn)型這五類(lèi)。城市建筑形態(tài)對(duì)城市風(fēng)、熱環(huán)境具有較為復(fù)雜的影響,UHII與天空可視因子(Sky View Factor,SVF)的相關(guān)系數(shù)在00時(shí)(北京時(shí),下同)為負(fù),而在12、16時(shí)為正,這是由于建筑物對(duì)城市冠層內(nèi)的輻射傳輸?shù)挠绊懞徒ㄖ锏臒崃績(jī)?chǔ)存導(dǎo)致的;城鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)速之比與SVF在00、12和16時(shí)都為正相關(guān),說(shuō)明了高大密集的建筑物對(duì)風(fēng)速有衰減作用,同時(shí)風(fēng)速通過(guò)影響大氣的平流輸送進(jìn)一步影響UHII。

Abstract:

This paper takes the mega-city Shanghai as the research object and selects July 2017 as the representative month of summer. Based on the hourly temperature and wind speed data observed by the network of automatic weather stations, the temporal and spatial characteristics of temperature and Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII) of each Local Climate Zone(LCZ) in Shanghai under different weather conditions were analyzed by using the local climate zone scheme. Results show that the temperature and UHII of each LCZ in the representative summer month in Shanghai are significantly different due to various urban geometry, building materials, the proportion of impervious surface and human activities. On high temperature days, the diurnal variation curves of UHII can be divided into five types: "W" type, shallow "U" type, "V" type, day type and stable type. The urban architectural form has a complex influence on the urban wind and thermal environment. The correlation coefficient between Sky View Factor(SVF) and UHII is negative at 00∶00 BST and positive at 12∶00 BST and 16∶00 BST, which is due to the influence of buildings on the radiative transfer in the urban canopy and the heat storage of buildings. The ratio of urban and rural wind speed is positively correlated with SVF at 00∶00 BST, 12∶00 BST and 16∶00 BST, indicating that tall and dense buildings have attenuation effect on wind speed,and the wind speed further affects the intensity of UHII by affecting the advection transport of the atmosphere.

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高穎,陳燕,張寧,敖翔宇,周玉奇.上海地區(qū)高溫過(guò)程中局地氣候區(qū)尺度城市熱島特征分析.氣象科學(xué),2024,44(2):391-400 GAO Ying, CHEN Yan, ZHANG Ning, AO Xiangyu, ZHOU Yuqi. Analyzing the characteristics of the urban heat island on local climate zone scale during a heat wave event in Shanghai. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2024,44(2):391-400

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收稿日期:2022-05-01
最后修改日期:2022-08-26
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-05-17
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