華北地區(qū)“16·7”極端強(qiáng)降水事件之環(huán)流及擾動(dòng)能量變化特征

doi:10.12306/2021jms.0041

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華北地區(qū)“16·7”極端強(qiáng)降水事件之環(huán)流及擾動(dòng)能量變化特征
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                        10.12306/2021jms.0041
                    
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中圖分類號(hào):P426.6
基金項(xiàng)目:國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目（2019YFC1510201）；公益性行業(yè)（氣象）科研專項(xiàng)（GYHY201406024）；江蘇高校優(yōu)勢學(xué)科建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目（PAPD）

Features of circulation and its related energetics of regional daily precipitation extreme event in North China on July 2016

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摘要:

2016年7月18—22日在華北地區(qū)發(fā)生了一次極端強(qiáng)降水事件，其中19—20日降水較為集中，20日降水最強(qiáng)。本文利用NCEP/NCAR再分析逐日風(fēng)場資料和國家級(jí)地面氣象站基本氣象要素日值數(shù)據(jù)集，研究了本次事件的Rossby波活動(dòng)及能量變化，結(jié)果表明：本次極端強(qiáng)降水事件持續(xù)時(shí)間約5 d，雨帶呈西南—東北走向。華北地區(qū)受對(duì)流層中低層的氣旋性異常環(huán)流和對(duì)流層上層反氣旋性異常環(huán)流的控制，水汽則主要源于孟加拉灣和中國南海地區(qū)。發(fā)生極端降水期間，波擾動(dòng)能量在對(duì)流層低層主要呈經(jīng)向傳播而在對(duì)流層上層呈緯向傳播，對(duì)流層低層的波擾動(dòng)能量對(duì)華北地區(qū)的影響比上層更為明顯。渦動(dòng)動(dòng)能在華北地區(qū)的增強(qiáng)和維持主要是渦動(dòng)非地轉(zhuǎn)位勢通量散度項(xiàng)、渦動(dòng)有效位能和渦動(dòng)動(dòng)能的斜壓轉(zhuǎn)換項(xiàng)以及其他剩余部分與摩擦耗散引起的能量損耗之和的共同作用，渦動(dòng)動(dòng)能在19日增強(qiáng)、20日維持，隨后減弱。渦動(dòng)熱量通量變化顯示低層有暖濕空氣向北輸送，高層有干冷空氣向南輸送，支持了正壓和斜壓轉(zhuǎn)換，而華北地區(qū)上空渦動(dòng)動(dòng)量通量的變化則使得基本氣流中的渦動(dòng)動(dòng)能增強(qiáng)，這些變化影響到極端降水事件的發(fā)生發(fā)展。

Abstract:

An extreme heavy precipitation event occurred in North China from July 18 to 22, 2016, in which the precipitation was concentrated on July 19 and 20 and reached the strongest on 20. Based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and datasets of daily basic meteorological elements from China national meteorological stations,the precipitation characteristics, Rossby wave activity and energy changes of this event are investigated.This precipitation lasted for five days and the rain belt is in the direction of southwest to northeast. Results show that atmospheric conditions in North China are dominated by an anomalous cyclonic circulation in the middle and lower troposphere and an anomalous anticyclonic circulation in the upper troposphere, and the water vapor mainly originates from the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea during the period of extreme heavy precipitation. Meanwhile, the wave disturbance energy in the lower troposphere mainly propagates in the meridional direction, while in the upper troposphere it propagates in the zonal direction.The influence of wave disturbance energy in the lower troposphere in North China is more effective than that in the upper troposphere.The enhancement and maintenance of eddy kinetic energy in North China are mainly due to the divergence of non-geostrophic eddy geopotential flux, the baroclinic conversion of energy from eddy effective potential energy to eddy kinetic energy, the dissipation caused by turbulence friction and other residuals. As a result, the vortex kinetic energy enhanced on 19, maintained on 20, and then weakened. The variation of eddy heat flux indicates that warm moist air is transported to the north in the low layer whereas dry cold air is transported to the south in the high layer, which consistent with the conversion between barotropic and baroclinic. Meanwhile, the variation of eddy momentum flux over the North China enhances the eddy dynamic energy in the basic airflow.

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孫思遠(yuǎn),管兆勇.華北地區(qū)“16·7”極端強(qiáng)降水事件之環(huán)流及擾動(dòng)能量變化特征.氣象科學(xué),2021,41(5):644-656 SUN Siyuan, GUAN Zhaoyong. Features of circulation and its related energetics of regional daily precipitation extreme event in North China on July 2016. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2021,41(5):644-656

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收稿日期:2021-01-18
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