2013年影響湖南的兩次相似路徑臺風暴雨對比分析

doi:10.3969/2015jms.0054

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2013年影響湖南的兩次相似路徑臺風暴雨對比分析
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                        10.3969/2015jms.0054
                    
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基金項目:公益類行業(yè)（氣象）科研專項（GYHY201306016）；中國氣象局氣象關鍵技術集成與應用項目（CMAGJ2015M40）；湖南省氣象局重點項目（XQKJ15A002）；中國氣象局預報員專項（CMAYBY2014-045）

Comparative analysis of typhoon heavy rainfall with similar route in Hunan province of 2013

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應用多種常規(guī)觀測資料、加密自動氣象站資料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析資料，對2013年影響湖南的兩次相似路徑臺風暴雨過程進行了對比分析。研究表明：“尤特”臺風暴雨直接由臺風環(huán)流引起，具有鋒前暖區(qū)降水的特點；而“天兔”臺風暴雨由臺風低壓倒槽與西風帶天氣系統(tǒng)相互作用引起的，其降水屬于典型的鋒面降水?！坝忍亍庇蓶|風帶進入西風帶，其與副高相對位置的變化是導致其登陸后路徑北翹的主要原因?！坝忍亍钡蛪涵h(huán)流與南海季風相互作用，充沛的水汽輸送對臺風低壓環(huán)流的長時間維持以及湘東南暴雨的形成和發(fā)展起到了重要的組織和促進作用。而“天兔”登陸后南海季風位置偏南，不利于“天兔”的長時間維持以及向暴雨區(qū)的水汽輸送。低層暖式切變線附近強輻合與高層強輻散耦合、低層強正渦度與高層負渦度的耦合為“尤特”臺風暴雨的發(fā)生發(fā)展提供了動力條件。由中低層冷空氣入侵導致的鋒生強迫和高低空急流耦合形成的次級環(huán)流，加強了“天兔”低壓倒槽內(nèi)冷暖氣流的輻合，是觸發(fā)倒槽內(nèi)中尺度對流發(fā)展和暴雨產(chǎn)生的重要動力機制。

Abstract:

Based on the routine observational data, regional automatic weather station data and NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data, a comparative analysis on two processes of typhoon heavy rainfall with similar routes in Hunan province of 2013 was analyzed. Results show that the Utor typhoon rainstorm was caused by typhoon circulation directly, whose rainfall was in warm area before frontal, while the Usagi typhoon rainstorm was caused by depression reverse trough and westerly belt synoptic system, and its rainfall was frontal precipitation. The Utor moved from easterlies into westerlies and the change on the relative position of Utor to the West Pacific ocean subtropical high were the main causes of the track of Utor typhoon turning northward after its landfall. The Utor low-pressure circulation system interacted with South China Sea monsoon, and its abundant vapor transmission played the most important role in maintaining Utor circulation for a long period and in producing the heavy rainfall over the southeastern part of Hunan. However, after Usagi's landfall, the South China Sea monsoon was much more southerly, which was not beneficial to the maintenance of Usagi and water vapor transportation. The coupled structure of strong convergence and positive vorticity nearby the shear line in the lower layer with divergence and negative vorticity in the upper level over the heavy rain center area provided dynamical condition for the occurrence and development of Utor typhoon heavy rainfall. Frontogenetical forcing caused by cold air intrusion in middle and low level as well as the sub-circulation resulted from the coupling of upper and lower jets, strengthened the convergence of cold and warm airflow in the inverted trough of Usagi typhoon, which were the dynamic mechanisms for the development of mesoscale convective system and rainstorm production.

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陳紅專,葉成志,唐群,王起喚,張昆.2013年影響湖南的兩次相似路徑臺風暴雨對比分析.氣象科學,2016,36(4):537-546 CHEN Hongzhuan, YE Chengzhi, TANG Qun, WANG Qihuan, ZHANG Kun. Comparative analysis of typhoon heavy rainfall with similar route in Hunan province of 2013. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2016,36(4):537-546

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收稿日期:2015-02-27
最后修改日期:2015-05-25
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-09-07
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